Analysis of periodontal attachment loss in relation to root form abnormalities

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore root shape abnormalities, to investigate the influence of root form abnormalities on periodontal attachment loss, and to gather basic data to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of aggressive periodontitis. METHODS From January 2010 to June 2012, a survey was conducted of all 3,284 periodontitis patients who visited the Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry. Clinical parameters (probing depth, periodontal attachment loss, missing teeth) were measured and a radiographic examination was performed at the baseline. We classified the root shape abnormality of bicuspids and molars based on Meng classification. RESULTS The periodontal attachment loss was the highest at the maxillary first molar (6.03 mm). The loss of the second molar was prominent. Type V deformity was shown to be the most common in the second maxillary and mandibular molars (P<0.05). Type V root shape was associated with the highest attachment loss (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Considering the small population and limited design of this study, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. We suggest larger scale, methodologically more sophisticated studies that include normal controls and chronic periodontitis patients to clarify whether root form abnormalities are a potential risk factor for aggressive periodontitis.